In the early 1930's,
Juan Tripp's Pan American Airways was gobbling up smaller companies &
forming Pan Am subsidiaries in North America, South America & Asia. In
Alaska, Pan Am absorbed Alaska-Washington Airways, Alaskan Airways & several
smaller operations to form Pacific Alaska Airways in 1932-33, anticipating award
of a major air mail contract for the region. Pan American did not get the large
contract they were expecting though, & began selling off planes & laying
off pilots, downsizing the Pacific Alaska Airways fleet in 1934. This event was
to spawn a number of smaller but significant operations which would serve Alaska
well in the coming years.
One of those
laid-off pilots was Bob Ellis, who had come North to fly Lockheed Vega float
planes for Alaska-Washington Airways in 1929. In July of 1936, he brought Waco
YKS-6 NC16210 to Ketchikan, Alaska, to begin operations there as Ellis Air
Transport. Bob Ellis was both a commercial pilot &, at the beginning of
WWII, a Lieutenant in the U.S. Navy. In the early months after Pearl Harbor, he
flew this biplane as an anti-submarine patrol bomber with a hole cut in the
floor & a small depth bomb suspended above it in the cabin. The Waco was
sold in 1943.
After WWII, Ellis
Air Transport would merge with Alaska Coastal Airlines to form Alaska
Coastal-Ellis Airlines. In 1968, Alaska Coastal-Ellis merged with Alaska
Airlines.
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Being the producer
of the kit featured here, my first goal in beginning this build was to develop
the kit's instructions. Along the way, I discovered that a good array of
locating devices, especially for the wing roots, is a VERY good thing to have in
a cabin biplane model of this configuration. The forward upper wing spar is
molded as outlines, in triplicate, on the vac sheet, & it is there to be
laminated & used, but a shorter stub spar at the rear of the wing opening
proved important for test-fitting & final assembly. For the lower wing, a
broad "bar spar" was cut, beveled along outboard upper trailing edges
to fit in the wing, crudely cold-bent against a straight edge & glued under
the cabin floor. The usual staggered tabs were used for the fuselage seams.
The up-swept wing
tip edges & slightly "gulled" inboard lower wing edges (more
marked at the trailing edge), required some extra attention during the parts
prep phase. Leading & trailing edges were liquid-cemented without clamps or
rubber bands & left to dry overnight; tips & "gull" sections
closed the next day. Broad rubber bands were used at this point only to prevent
clothes pins from slipping off the edges.
1 or 2 photos will
show a smaller spar cut-out marked on the lower fuselage, & one head-on view
shows the upper main spar & straightened wires inserted in drilled holes at
spar locations to check for level. I highly recommend this process for any build
of this sort; adjustments can be made while enlarging the spar holes afterward.
The wing N-struts
are also outlined on the vac sheet, & were cut out & used for this
build. One photo shows a replacement end spliced to one of these parts, after a
drilled hole for a wire pin went astray; easier than cutting out a new one. The
cowling leading edge is typically thin, so a "washer" was cut from kit
scrap, beveled around it's outer edge & CA'd into place. After light
touch-up with a cone of 320 sandpaper, a little 7-minute epoxy faired the
remaining step.
Side windows were
cut from a broken CD box; my usual procedure, as they are styrene & can be
welded securely with liquid cement. The inner edges, which extend slightly past
the inner surface of the fuselage, were painted black, reducing light refraction
& creating an illusion of thinner windows. This trick works with
injection-molded kits, too. All windows were masked with Dively's liquid mask;
windshield frames were cut & primed with flat black.
The final scheme
being vermilion red, an initial coat of light gray primer was followed by a coat
of Krylon "Short Cuts" flat white, without which vermilion would be
hard to achieve. Before the final paint coat was applied, the floats were
assembled into a pair, N-struts cut out & shaped, & all drilled, pinned
& test-fit for proper "sit". Krylon Red Pepper was airbrushed on
all airframe parts next & the beautiful Arctic Decals were next. I kept a
bent & wrinkled sheet aside from the inventory box for this build hoping it
might work, & it did. Though unpromising in appearance, the wrinkles hadn't
broken the decal film & all went better than hoped. The gold edging is
printed separately & was applied first. For each decal, as per my usual
practice, the surface to be decalled was leveled & a solution of MicroSet
& a little Elmer's Glue was brushed on first. Micro Coat Satin went on next,
something I've never used before. It dried a bit glossier than expected but
quickly, nice & smooth. I'll use it again.
At last, my favorite
painting step: picking off the window masks. They were sealed down pretty good
under 4 to 5 coats of paints & clear coat, so each mask was first started
with the tip of a #11 blade at one corner, then pushed farther away with a
beveled round toothpick tip & finally pulled off with tweezers; all to avoid
scratching windows.
While the various
coats dried on the airframe, float struts were detailed with boarding steps,
float rigging fashioned from monofilament between the spreader bars (tied &
CA'd), rudders attached & all airbrushed Plasti-kote "Odds 'n'
Ends" Aluminum. A paddle was carved from .020" styrene, painted Pactra
Flat Mustard & dry-brushed with Model Master Leather.
A disk, cut to fit
the interior of the engine cowling, had been glued to the nose earlier. To get
the engine centered properly in the cowling, 2 small dots of epoxy were placed
to catch either side of the crank case, the engine was placed with model held in
a vertical climb & the cowling was dropped over it, allowing a couple of
minutes to line it up. Once the epoxy had set, CA was applied at the top &
bottom of the seam. Once THAT had set, the disk was painted flat black, front
& back, & the cowling was epoxied to it.
Final wing assembly,
getting those wire pins all in place without scratching the paint (too much),
had it's moments, but was accomplished at last. A wood block was placed on top
with the model suspended between 2 others while liquid cement dried at the
roots, as it appeared at first as though a bit of dihedral might have been lost
along the way. CA glue was carefully added to all strut joins, very narrow epoxy
fillets were added at the bottom wing roots, inboard struts installed, red paint
touched up, tail planes added...& only a couple of hurdles remained...
The earlier float
strut fitting didn't include the bottom wings; now it was time to "pay the
piper". There are cutouts outlined in the inboard leading edge bottom
corners for attachment points that apply for both the rear float struts &
for the rear bracing struts of the standard landing gear, but these needed to be
extended farther aft to fit the N-struts already prepared. With drill, ball burr
& knife (& some trepidation) this was finally accomplished, rear
locating holes drilled &, after several false starts, the airframe finally
sat on the floats. Wing tips were leveled on play blocks, a thin stretched-sprue
applicator was selected & CA was touched to each strut join. More
monofilament rigging followed, more touch-up, mostly aluminum this time, &
all that remained was to scrape a couple bare patches & install the paddle.
I wasn't sure how that would go, but shimming it in place with a popsicle stick
& flat toothpick while liquid cement was applied worked fine.
Reference Sources:
-
"What...No
Landing Field?" by R. E. "Bob" Ellis
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"Alaskan
Wings; Aviation In Southeast Alaska, 1935-1946" by Jim Ruotsala
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Waco factory
"owner's card" for NC16210 from The National Waco Club
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Photos in the
collection of the Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum, Anchorage, Alaska
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Photos posted
online by the University of Alaska, as "Alaska's Digital Archives"
Decal graphics by
Mika Jernfors, Arctic Decals, Finland
The vac & resin
Waco YKS-6 "Ellis Air Transport" package, with decals & floats, is
available from Khee-Kha Art Products until the decals are gone:
www.mtaonline.net/~zdk
Lars Opland
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